Professor Alexander Khromykh

BSc, PhD

Professor

School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences

+61 7 334 67219

alexander.khromykh@uq.edu.au

Molecular Biosciences Building (76), Room 555

View researcher profile

Primary research interest

Molecular mechanisms of replication and virus-host interactions of positive strand RNA viruses

Additional roles

Group Leader, RNA Virology Laboratory
Theme Leader, Infection and Immunolgy
Deputy Director (Virology), Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre
Director, Centre of Excellence in the Global Virus Network

About me

I have a PhD degree in Molecular Virology. I worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Ottawa in Canada. I then joined Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre in Brisbane and became a laboratory Head. I was awarded NH&MRC Senior Research Fellowship and moved my laboratory to St Lucia campus in 2005 to take up an appointment with SCMB.

I was the founding Director of SCMB’s Centre for Infectious Disease Research and am currently the Deputy Director of the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and the Director of Centre of Excellence in the Global Virus Network. I have authored 150 publications including papers in Science, Nature Microbiology, Science Translational Medicine, Nature Communications and 5 book chapters.

Research focus and collaborations

My group's main areas of research are molecular virology, viral pathogenesis, and virus-host interactions. The viruses we study are encephalitic flaviviruses such as West Nile virus and Zika virus. More recently SARS-COV-2 has become one of the main research focus. The goal of the research is to determine the mechanisms by which these viruses cause disease in the hosts and to identify viral and host factors determining the outcome of infection.

The group uses a range of classical and more modern approaches including molecular manipulations with viral infectious cDNA clones and replicons, deep mutational scanning, transient and stable expression of viral proteins and noncoding RNAs, viral replication and virulence assays, microarrays, mass spectrometry, next generation sequencing analysis, siRNA knockdowns, and knockout cells and mice.

Together, these approaches allow the group to perform detailed analysis of the effects of changes in the viral and host genomes that are likely to have a profound impact on virus replication and pathogenesis.

The group has also been interested in developing viruses and replicons as vectors for vaccine and cancer therapy applications.

Projects

Molecular pathogenesis of flaviviruses and coronaviruses
Viral evasion of host immune responses
Viral and host small regulatory RNAs
Flavivirus non-coding subgenomic RNA
Replicon-based vaccine and cancer therapy vectors
Oncolytic viral therapy

Collaborators

Roy Hall, Jody Peters, Daniel Watterson, David Muller, Keith Chappell, Ernst Wolvetang, Vito Ferro, Kirsty Short - University of Queensland.
Andreas Suhrbier, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research.
Jason Mackenzie, University of Melbourne.
Sonia Best, National Institutes of Health, USA
Jeffrey Wilusz, Colorado State University, USA
Aaron Brault, CDC, USA
Gorben Pijlman, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
Andrew Tuplin, University of Leeds, UK
Jesse Bloom, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, USA

Funded projects

Khromykh A., Slonchak A, Modhiran, N (2022-2024) How the synergy between flavivirus protein and noncoding RNA defeats antiviral response. NHMRC Ideas Grant. $783,516.
Khromykh A., Amarilla Ortiz, A., Burr, L., Bloom, J. (2022-2025) Predicting and preparing for the unfolding evolution of SARS-CoV-2. NHMRC Ideas Grant. $999,836.
Hall, R., Peters, J., Muller, D., Suhrbrier, A., Khromykh, A.,Young, P. (2020-2022) Chimeric insect-specific viruses as novel vaccines for mosquito-borne diseases. NHMRC Development Grant. $1,017,285.
Khromykh, A., Hall, R., Peters, J., Slonchak, A., Hugo, L. (2019-2022) Noncoding RNAs of insect-specific flaviviruses: biogenesis and functions. ARC Discovery Projects. $434,000.
Hall, R., Khromykh, A., Bielefeldt-Ohmann, H., Peters, J., Setoh, Y. (2018-2020) Chimeric insect-specific flaviviruses: a new generation of diagnostics and vaccines against mosquito-borne viral disease. NHMRC Project Grant. $549,936.
Khromykh, A., Suhrbier, A., Devine, G., Setoh, Y., Prow, N. (2018-2021) Viral and host factors determining outcome of Zika virus infection. NHMRC Project Grant. $910,780.
Khromykh, A. (2017-2019) The role of non-coding viral RNAs in flavivirus infection and exosomal signalling. NHMRC Project Grant. $683,447
Asgari, S., Khromykh, A. (2014-2016) Wolbachia and West Nile virus in mosquitoes: friends or foes? NHMRC Project Grant. $542,562
Khromykh A.A. (2014-2019). Pathogenic flaviviruses: molecular mechanisms of disease, host response and vaccines. NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship. $840,665.
Khromykh A.A. (2013-2015).The role of noncoding subgenomic flavivirus RNA in virus-host interactions. NHMRC Project Grant. $602,877
Khromykh, A.A., Hall, R., Bielefeldt-Ohmann, H., Lobigs, M. (2013-2015). Molecular pathogenesis of emerging West Nile viruses. NHMRC Project Grant. $573,627
Hall, R.A., Khromykh, A.A., van den Hurk, A. (2012-2014). Do insect-specific flaviviruses regulate the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases in Australia? ARC Discovery. $405,000
Khromykh, A.A., Asgari, S. (2012-2014). Role of flavivirus-encoded small regulatory RNAs in virus-mosquito vector interactions. NHMRC Project Grant. $528,675
Hall, R.A., Khromykh, A.A., Van-den-Hurk, A., Bielefeldt-Ohmann, H., Kirkland, P. (2012-2014). Emergence of a virulent strain of West Nile virus causing fatal equine encephalitis in South Eastern Australia. ARC Linkage, $390,000

Teaching interests

MICR3002 Virology
BIOT7018 Biologics
MICR3001 Microbes and Human Health

Achievements and awards

2014 NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship
2009 NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship
2008 Long-term Invitation Fellowship, Japanese Society for Promotion of Science/Australian Acadmy of Science
2004 NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship
Featured in an article in Research Media, Europe's leading portal for scientific dissemination
Featured in several UQ News articles:

Featured publications

Amarilla, Alberto A., Sng, Julian D. J., Parry, Rhys, Deerain, Joshua M., Potter, James R., Setoh, Yin Xiang, Rawle, Daniel J., Le, Thuy T., Modhiran, Naphak, Wang, Xiaohui, Peng, Nias Y. G., Torres, Francisco J., Pyke, Alyssa, Harrison, Jessica J., Freney, Morgan E., Liang, Benjamin, McMillan, Christopher L. D., Cheung, Stacey T. M., Guevara, Darwin J Da Costa, Hardy, Joshua M., Bettington, Mark, Muller, David A., Coulibaly, Fasséli, Moore, Frederick, Hall, Roy A., Young, Paul R., Mackenzie, Jason M., Hobson-Peters, Jody, Suhrbier, Andreas , Khromykh, Alexander A. (2021). A versatile reverse genetics platform for SARS-CoV-2 and other positive-strand RNA viruses. Nature Communications, 12 (1) 3431, 3431. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23779-5
Modhiran, Naphak, Song, Hao, Liu, Lidong, Bletchly, Cheryl, Brillault, Lou, Amarilla, Alberto A., Xu, Xiaoying, Qi, Jianxun, Chai, Yan, Cheung, Stacey T. M., Traves, Renee, Setoh, Yin Xiang, Bibby, Summa, Scott, Connor A. P., Freney, Morgan E., Newton, Natalee D., Khromykh, Alexander A., Chappell, Keith J., Muller, David A., Stacey, Katryn J., Landsberg, Michael J., Shi, Yi, Gao, George F., Young, Paul R. and Watterson, Daniel (2021). A broadly protective antibody that targets the flavivirus NS1 protein. Science, 371 (6525), 190-194. doi: 10.1126/science.abb9425
Slonchak, Andrii, Hugo, Leon E., Freney, Morgan E., Hall-Mendelin, Sonja, Amarilla, Alberto A., Torres, Francisco J., Setoh, Yin Xiang, Peng, Nias Y. G., Sng, Julian D. J., Hall, Roy A., van den Hurk, Andrew F., Devine, Gregor J.and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2020). Zika virus noncoding RNA suppresses apoptosis and is required for virus transmission by mosquitoes. Nature Communications, 11(1) 2205, 2205. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16086-y
Hobson-Peters, Jody, Harrison, Jessica J., Watterson, Daniel, Hazlewood, Jessamine E., Vet, Laura J., Newton, Natalee D., Warrilow, David, Colmant, Agathe M. G., Taylor, Carmel, Huang, Bixing, Piyasena, Thisun B. H., Chow, Weng Kong, Setoh, Yin Xiang, Tang, Bing, Nakayama, Eri, Yan, Kexin, Amarilla, Alberto A., Wheatley, Sarah, Moore, Peter R., Finger, Mitchell, Kurucz, Nina, Modhiran, Naphak, Young, Paul R., Khromykh, Alexander A., Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, Suhrbier, Andreas and Hall, Roy A. (2019). A recombinant platform for flavivirus vaccines and diagnostics using chimeras of a new insect-specific virus. Science Translational Medicine, 11 (522) eaax7888, eaax7888. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax7888
Setoh, Yin Xiang, Amarilla, Alberto A., Peng, Nias Y. G., Griffiths, Rebecca E., Carrera, Julio, Freney, Morgan E., Nakayama, Eri, Ogawa, Shinya, Watterson, Daniel, Modhiran, Naphak, Nanyonga, Faith Elizabeth, Torres, Francisco J., Slonchak, Andrii, Periasamy, Parthiban, Prow, Natalie A., Tang, Bing, Harrison, Jessica, Hobson-Peters, Jody, Cuddihy, Thom, Cooper-White, Justin, Hall, Roy A., Young, Paul R., Mackenzie, Jason M., Wolvetang, Ernst, Bloom, Jesse D., Suhrbier, Andreas and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2019). Determinants of Zika virus host tropism uncovered by deep mutational scanning. Nature Microbiology, 4 (5), 876-887. doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0399-4

Researcher biography

Alexander Khromykh has PhD degree in Molecular Virology. He worked as Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Ottawa in Canada. He then joined Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre in Brisbane and became a laboratory Head in 2001. He moved his laboratory to St Luica campus in 2005 to take an appointment with the School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB). He was the founding Director of the SCMB’s Centre for Infectious Disease Research and is currently the Deputy Director of the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre. He is also the Director of Centre of Excellence and a member of COVID-19 and Zika virus Task Forces in the Global Virus Network.

Publications

Book Chapters (5)

Journal Articles (172)

Conference Papers (31)

Book Chapters

Roby, Justin A., Funk, Anneke and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2012). Flavivirus replication and assembly. Molecular virology and control of flaviviruses. (pp. 21-49) edited by Pei-Yong Shi. Norfolk, United Kingdom: Caister Academic Press.

Roby, Justin A., Hall, Roy A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2011). Nucleic acid-based infectious and pseudoinfectious flavivirus vaccines. Replicating vaccines : A new generation. (pp. 299-320) edited by Philip R. Dormitzer, Christian W. Mandl and Rino Rappuoli. Basel, Switzerland: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-0346-0277-8_13

Khromykh, Alexander A., Chang, David C. and Hall, Roy A. (2009). Vaccine development against West Nile Virus. West Nile Encephalitis Virus Infection: Viral Pathogenesis and the Host Immune Response. (pp. 427-451) edited by Diamond, Michael S.. New York: Springer Science + Business Media. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-79840-0_20

Westaway, E. G., Mackenzie, J. M. and Khromykh, A. A. (2003). Kunjin RNA replication and applications of Kunjin replicons. The Flaviviruses: Structure, replication and evolution. (pp. 100-140) edited by Thomas J. Chambers, Thomas P. Monath, Karl Maramorosch, Aaron J. Shatkin and Frederick A. Murphy. San Diego: Academic Press Inc. doi: 10.1016/S0065-3527(03)59004-2

Westaway, E. G., Mackenzie, J. M. and Khromykh, A. A. (2002). Replication and gene function in Kunjin virus. Japanese Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses. (pp. 323-352) edited by J. S. Mackenzie, A. D. T. Barrett and V. Deubel. Berlin: Springer.

Journal Articles

Peng, Nias Y. G., Sng, Julian D. J., Setoh, Yin Xiang and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2024). Residue K28 of Zika Virus NS5 Protein Is Implicated in Virus Replication and Antagonism of STAT2. Microorganisms, 12 (4) 660, 1-15. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12040660

McMillan, Christopher L. D., Wijesundara, Danushka K., Choo, Jovin J. Y., Amarilla, Alberto A., Modhiran, Naphak, Fernando, Germain J. P., Khromykh, Alexander A., Watterson, Daniel, Young, Paul R. and Muller, David A. (2024). Enhancement of cellular immunity following needle-free vaccination of mice with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Journal of General Virology, 105 (1) ARTN 001947, 1-6. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001947

Parry, Rhys H., Slonchak, Andrii, Campbell, Lewis J., Newton, Natalee D., Debat, Humberto J., Gifford, Robert J. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2023). A novel tamanavirus (Flaviviridae) of the European common frog (Rana temporaria) from the UK. Journal of General Virology, 104 (12) 001927. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001927

Pegg, Cassandra L., Modhiran, Naphak, Parry, Rhys H., Liang, Benjamin, Amarilla, Alberto A., Khromykh, Alexander A., Burr, Lucy, Young, Paul R., Chappell, Keith, Schulz, Benjamin L. and Watterson, Daniel (2023). The role of N-glycosylation in spike antigenicity for the SARS-CoV-2 gamma variant. Glycobiology, 34 (2) cwad097, 1-13. doi: 10.1093/glycob/cwad097

Stewart, Romal, Yan, Kexin, Ellis, Sevannah A., Bishop, Cameron R., Dumenil, Troy, Tang, Bing, Nguyen, Wilson, Larcher, Thibaut, Parry, Rhys, Sng, Julian De Jun, Khromykh, Alexander A., Sullivan, Robert K. P., Lor, Mary, Meunier, Frédéric A., Rawle, Daniel J. and Suhrbier, Andreas (2023). SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.5 and XBB variants have increased neurotropic potential over BA.1 in K18-hACE2 mice and human brain organoids. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14 1320856, 1-18. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1320856

Shaker, Mohammed R., Slonchak, Andrii, Al-mhanawi, Bahaa, Morrison, Sean D., Sng, Julian D. J., Cooper-White, Justin, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Wolvetang, Ernst J. (2023). Choroid plexus defects in Down syndrome brain organoids enhance neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv. doi: 10.1101/2023.06.12.544552

Slonchak, Andrii, Chaggar, Harman, Aguado, Julio, Wolvetang, Ernst and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2023). Noncoding RNA of Zika virus affects interplay between Wnt-signaling and pro-apoptotic pathways in the developing brain tissue. Viruses, 15 (5) 1062, 1062. doi: 10.3390/v15051062

Speck, Peter, Mackenzie, Jason, Bull, Rowena A., Slobedman, Barry, Drummer, Heidi, Fraser, Johanna, Herrero, Lara, Helbig, Karla, Londrigan, Sarah, Moseley, Gregory, Prow, Natalie, Hansman, Grant, Edwards, Robert, Ahlenstiel, Chantelle, Abendroth, Allison, Tscharke, David, Hobson-Peters, Jody, Kriiger-Loterio, Robson, Parry, Rhys, Marsh, Glenn, Harding, Emma, Jacques, David A., Gartner, Matthew J., Lee, Wen Shi, McAuley, Julie, Vaz, Paola, Sainsbury, Frank, Tate, Michelle D., Sinclair, Jane ... Young, Paul (2023). Statement in Support of: “Virology under the Microscope—a Call for Rational Discourse”. Journal of Virology, 97 (5), e0045123. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00451-23

Hobson‐Peters, Jody, Amarilla, Alberto A., Rustanti, Lina, Marks, Denese C., Roulis, Eileen, Khromykh, Alexander A., Modhiran, Naphak, Watterson, Daniel, Reichenberg, Stefan, Tolksdorf, Frank, Sumian, Chryslain, Seltsam, Axel, Gravemann, Ute and Faddy, Helen M. (2023). Inactivation of SARS‐CoV ‐2 infectivity in platelet concentrates or plasma following treatment with ultraviolet C light or with methylene blue combined with visible light. Transfusion, 63 (2), 288-293. doi: 10.1111/trf.17238

Foo, Cheng Xiang, Bartlett, Stacey, Chew, Keng Yih, Ngo, Minh Dao, Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, Jayakody Arachchige, Buddhika, Matthews, Benjamin, Reed, Sarah, Wang, Ran, Smith, Christian, Sweet, Matthew J., Burr, Lucy, Bisht, Kavita, Shatunova, Svetlana, Sinclair, Jane E., Parry, Rhys, Yang, Yuanhao, Lévesque, Jean-Pierre, Khromykh, Alexander, Rosenkilde, Mette Marie, Short, Kirsty R. and Ronacher, Katharina (2023). GPR183 antagonism reduces macrophage infiltration in influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infection. European Respiratory Journal, 61 (3) 2201306, 1-15. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01306-2022

Slonchak, Andrii, Wang, Xiaohui, Aguado, Julio, Sng, Julian D. J., Chaggar, Harman, Freney, Morgan E., Yan, Kexin, Torres, Francisco J., Amarilla, Alberto A., Balea, Rickyle, Setoh, Yin Xiang, Peng, Nias, Watterson, Daniel, Wolvetang, Ernst, Suhrbier, Andreas and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2022). Zika virus noncoding RNA cooperates with the viral protein NS5 to inhibit STAT1 phosphorylation and facilitate viral pathogenesis. Science Advances, 8 (48) eadd8095, eadd8095. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.add8095

McMillan, Christopher L.D., Amarilla, Alberto A., Modhiran, Naphak, Choo, Jovin J.Y., Azuar, Armira, Honeyman, Kate E., Khromykh, Alexander A., Young, Paul R., Watterson, Daniel and Muller, David A. (2022). Skin-patch delivered subunit vaccine induces broadly neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Vaccine, 40 (34), 4929-4932. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.07.013

Lo, Martin W., Amarilla, Alberto A., Lee, John D., Albornoz, Eduardo A., Modhiran, Naphak, Clark, Richard J., Ferro, Vito, Chhabra, Mohit, Khromykh, Alexander A., Watterson, Daniel and Woodruff, Trent M. (2022). SARS-CoV-2 triggers complement activation through interactions with heparan sulfate. Clinical and Translational Immunology, 11 (8) e1413, e1413. doi: 10.1002/cti2.1413

Zhu, Yanshan, Chew, Keng Yih, Wu, Melanie, Karawita, Anjana C., McCallum, Georgina, Steele, Lauren E., Yamamoto, Ayaho, Labzin, Larisa I., Yarlagadda, Tejasri, Khromykh, Alexander A., Wang, Xiaohui, Sng, Julian D. J., Stocks, Claudia J., Xia, Yao, Kollmann, Tobias R., Martino, David, Joensuu, Merja, Meunier, Frédéric A., Balistreri, Giuseppe, Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, Bowen, Asha C., Kicic, Anthony, Sly, Peter D., Spann, Kirsten M. and Short, Kirsty R. (2022). Ancestral SARS-CoV-2, but not Omicron, replicates less efficiently in primary pediatric nasal epithelial cells. PLoS Biology, 20 (8) e3001728, 1-19. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001728

Torres, Francisco J., Parry, Rhys, Hugo, Leon E. , Slonchak, Andrii , Newton, Natalee D. , Vet, Laura J. , Modhiran, Naphak, Pullinger, Brody , Wang, Xiaohui , Potter, James , Winterford, Clay , Hobson-Peters, Jody , Hall, Roy A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2022). Reporter flaviviruses as tools to demonstrate homologous and heterologous superinfection exclusion. Viruses, 14 (7) 1501, 1501. doi: 10.3390/v14071501

Peng, Nias Y. G., Amarilla, Alberto A., Hugo, Leon E., Modhiran, Naphak, Sng, Julian D. J., Slonchak, Andrii, Watterson, Daniel, Setoh, Yin Xiang and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2022). The distinguishing NS5-M114V mutation in American Zika virus isolates has negligible impacts on virus replication and transmission potential. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 16 (5) e0010426, 1-17. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010426

Shalash, Ahmed O., Azuar, Armira, Madge, Harrison Y. R., Modhiran, Naphak, Amarilla, Alberto A., Liang, Benjamin, Khromykh, Alexander A., Hussein, Waleed M., Chappell, Keith J., Watterson, Daniel, Young, Paul R., Skwarczynski, Mariusz and Toth, Istvan (2022). Peptide-based vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: peptide antigen discovery and screening of adjuvant systems. Pharmaceutics, 14 (4) 856, 856. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040856

McMillan, Christopher L. D., Azuar, Armira, Choo, Jovin J. Y., Modhiran, Naphak, Amarilla, Alberto A., Isaacs, Ariel, Honeyman, Kate E., Cheung, Stacey T. M., Liang, Benjamin, Wurm, Maria J., Pino, Paco, Kint, Joeri, Fernando, Germain J. P., Landsberg, Michael J., Khromykh, Alexander A., Hobson-Peters, Jody, Watterson, Daniel, Young, Paul R. and Muller, David A. (2022). Dermal delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine induces immunogenicity against variants of concern. Vaccines, 10 (4) 578, 578. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10040578

Guimond, Scott E., Mycroft-West, Courtney J., Gandhi, Neha S., Tree, Julia A., Le, Thuy T., Spalluto, C. Mirella, Humbert, Maria V., Buttigieg, Karen R., Coombes, Naomi, Elmore, Michael J., Wand, Matthew, Nyström, Kristina, Said, Joanna, Setoh, Yin Xiang, Amarilla, Alberto A., Modhiran, Naphak, Sng, Julian D. J., Chhabra, Mohit, Young, Paul R., Rawle, Daniel J., Lima, Marcelo A., Yates, Edwin A., Karlsson, Richard, Miller, Rebecca L., Chen, Yen-Hsi, Bagdonaite, Ieva, Yang, Zhang, Stewart, James, Nguyen, Dung ... Turnbull, Jeremy E. (2022). Synthetic heparan sulfate mimetic pixatimod (PG545) potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by disrupting the spike–ACE2 interaction. ACS Central Science, 8 (5) acscentsci.1c01293, 527-545. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01293

Slonchak, Andrii, Parry, Rhys, Pullinger, Brody, Sng, Julian D. J., Wang, Xiaohui, Buck, Teresa F., Torres, Francisco J., Harrison, Jessica J., Colmant, Agathe M. G., Hobson-Peters, Jody, Hall, Roy A., Tuplin, Andrew and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2022). Structural analysis of 3’UTRs in insect flaviviruses reveals novel determinants of sfRNA biogenesis and provides new insights into flavivirus evolution. Nature Communications, 13 (1) 1279, 1-16. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28977-3

Gestuveo, Rommel J., Parry, Rhys, Dickson, Laura B., Lequime, Sebastian, Sreenu, Vattipally B., Arnold, Matthew J., Khromykh, Alexander A., Schnettler, Esther, Lambrechts, Louis, Varjak, Margus and Kohl, Alain (2022). Mutational analysis of Aedes aegypti Dicer 2 provides insights into the biogenesis of antiviral exogenous small interfering RNAs. PLOS Pathogens, 18 (1) e1010202, 1-29. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010202

Shalash, Ahmed O., Azuar, Armira, Madge, Harrison Y. R., Modhiran, Naphak, Amarilla, Alberto A., Liang, Benjamin, Khromykh, Alexander A., Watterson, Daniel, Young, Paul R., Toth, Istvan and Skwarczynski, Mariusz (2021). Detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain neutralization by a sensitive competitive ELISA assay. Vaccines, 9 (12) 1493, 1-21. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9121493

Valenzuela Nieto, Guillermo, Jara, Ronald, Watterson, Daniel, Modhiran, Naphak, Amarilla, Alberto A., Himelreichs, Johanna, Khromykh, Alexander A., Salinas-Rebolledo, Constanza, Pinto, Teresa, Cheuquemilla, Yorka, Margolles, Yago, López González del Rey, Natalia, Miranda-Chacon, Zaray, Cuevas, Alexei, Berking, Anne, Deride, Camila, González-Moraga, Sebastián, Mancilla, Héctor, Maturana, Daniel, Langer, Andreas, Toledo, Juan Pablo, Müller, Ananda, Uberti, Benjamín, Krall, Paola, Ehrenfeld, Pamela, Blesa, Javier, Chana-Cuevas, Pedro, Rehren, German, Schwefel, David ... Rojas-Fernandez, Alejandro (2021). Potent neutralization of clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2 D614 and G614 variants by a monomeric, sub-nanomolar affinity nanobody. Scientific Reports, 11 (1) 3318, 3318. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82833-w

McMillan, Christopher L. D., Choo, Jovin J. Y., Idris, Adi, Supramaniam, Aroon, Modhiran, Naphak, Amarilla, Alberto A., Isaacs, Ariel, Cheung, Stacey T. M., Liang, Benjamin, Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, Azuar, Armira, Acharya, Dhruba, Kelly, Gabrielle, Fernando, Germain J. P., Landsberg, Michael J., Khromykh, Alexander A., Watterson, Daniel, Young, Paul R., McMillan, Nigel A. J. and Muller, David A. (2021). Complete protection by a single-dose skin patch–delivered SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccine. Science Advances, 7 (44) eabj8065, eabj8065. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abj8065

Smits, Nathan, Rasmussen, Jay, Bodea, Gabriela O., Amarilla, Alberto A., Gerdes, Patricia, Sanchez-Luque, Francisco J., Ajjikuttira, Prabha, Modhiran, Naphak, Liang, Benjamin, Faivre, Jamila, Deveson, Ira W., Khromykh, Alexander A., Watterson, Daniel, Ewing, Adam D. and Faulkner, Geoffrey J. (2021). No evidence of human genome integration of SARS-CoV-2 found by long-read DNA sequencing. Cell Reports, 36 (7) 109530, 109530. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109530

Nakayama, Eri, Kato, Fumihiro, Tajima, Shigeru, Ogawa, Shinya, Yan, Kexin, Takahashi, Kenta, Sato, Yuko, Suzuki, Tadaki, Kawai, Yasuhiro, Inagaki, Takuya, Taniguchi, Satoshi, Le, Thuy T., Tang, Bing, Prow, Natalie A., Uda, Akihiko, Maeki, Takahiro, Lim, Chang-Kweng, Khromykh, Alexander A., Suhrbier, Andreas and Saijo, Masayuki (2021). Neuroinvasiveness of the MR766 strain of Zika virus in IFNAR-/- mice maps to prM residues conserved amongst African genotype viruses. PLoS Pathogens , 17 (7) e1009788, 1-39. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009788

Jansen van Vuren, Petrus , Parry, Rhys, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Paweska, Janusz T. (2021). A 1958 isolate of Kedougou Virus (KEDV) from Ndumu, South Africa, expands the geographic and temporal range of KEDV in Africa. Viruses, 13 (7) 1368, 1368. doi: 10.3390/v13071368

Albert, Simon, Amarilla, Alberto A., Trollope, Ben, Sng, Julian D.J., Setoh, Yin Xiang, Deering, Nathaniel, Modhiran, Naphak, Weng, Sung-Hsia, Melo, Maria C., Hutley, Nicholas, Nandy, Avik, Furlong, Michael J., Young, Paul R., Watterson, Daniel, Grinham, Alistair R. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2021). Assessing the potential of unmanned aerial vehicle spraying of aqueous ozone as an outdoor disinfectant for SARS-CoV-2. Environmental Research, 196 110944, 110944. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110944

Watterson, Daniel, Wijesundara, Danushka K., Modhiran, Naphak, Mordant, Francesca L., Li, Zheyi, Avumegah, Michael S., McMillan, Christopher L. D., Lackenby, Julia, Guilfoyle, Kate, van Amerongen, Geert, Stittelaar, Koert, Cheung, Stacey T. M., Bibby, Summa, Daleris, Mallory, Hoger, Kym, Gillard, Marianne, Radunz, Eve, Jones, Martina L., Hughes, Karen, Hughes, Ben, Goh, Justin, Edwards, David, Scoble, Judith, Pearce, Lesley, Kowalczyk, Lukasz, Phan, Tram, La, Mylinh, Lu, Louis, Pham, Tam ... Chappell, Keith J. (2021). Preclinical development of a molecular clamp-stabilised subunit vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Clinical & Translational Immunology, 10 (4) e1269, e1269. doi: 10.1002/cti2.1269

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Young, Lucy B., Melian, Ezequiel Balmori, Setoh, Yin Xiang, Young, Paul R. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2015). Last 20 aa of the West Nile virus NS1' protein are responsible for its retention in cells and the formation of unique heat-stable dimers.. Journal of General Virology, 96 (5), 1042-1054. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.000053

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Poo, Yee Suan, Rudd, Penny A., Gardner, Joy, Wilson, Jane A. C., Larcher, Thibaut, Colle, Marie-Anne, Le, Thuy T., Nakaya, Helder I., Warrilow, David, Allcock, Richard, Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, Schroder, Wayne A., Khromykh, Alexander A., Lopez, Jose A. and Suhrbier, Andreas (2014). Multiple immune factors are involved in controlling acute and chronic chikungunya virus infection. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8 (12) e3354, 1-15. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003354

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Slonchak, Andrii, Hussain, Mazhar, Torres Morales, Shessy, Asgari, Sassan and Khromykh, Alexander (2014). Expression of mosquito microRNA aae-miR-2940-5p is down-regulated in response to West Nile Virus infection to restrict viral replication. Journal of Virology, 88 (15), 8457-8467. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00317-14

Mayoral, Jamie G., Etebari, Kayvan, Hussain, Mazhar, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Asgari, Sassan (2014). Wolbachia infection modifies the profile, shuttling and structure of MicroRNAs in a mosquito cell line. PLoS One, 9 (4) e96107, e96107. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096107

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Frese, Michael, Lee, Eva, Larena, Maximilian, Lim, Pek Siew, Rao, Sudha, Matthaei, Klaus I., Khromykh, Alexander, Ramshaw, Ian and Lobigs, Mario (2014). Internal ribosome entry site-based attenuation of a flavivirus candidate vaccine and evaluation of the effect of beta interferon coexpression on vaccine properties. Journal of Virology, 88 (4), 2056-2070. doi: 10.1128/JVI.03051-13

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Hoenen, Antje, Gillespie, Leah, Morgan, Garry, van der Heide, Peter, Khromykh, Alexander and Mackenzie, Jason (2014). The West Nile virus assembly process evades the conserved antiviral mechanism of the interferon-induced MxA protein. Virology, 448, 104-116. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.10.005

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Schuessler, Andrea, Funk, Anneke, Lazear, Helen M., Cooper, Daphne A., Torres, Shessy, Daffis, Stephane, Jha, Babal Kant, Kumagai, Yutaro, Takeuchi, Osamu, Hertzog, Paul, Silverman, Robert, Akira, Shizuo, Barton, David J., Diamond, Michael S. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2012). West Nile virus noncoding subgenomic RNA contributes to viral evasion of the type I interferon-mediated antiviral response. Journal of Virology, 86 (10), 5708-5718. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00207-12

Frost, Melinda J., Zhang, Jing, Edmonds, Judith H., Prow, Natalie A., Gu, Xingnian, Davis, Rodney, Hornitzky, Christine, Arzey, Kathleen E., Finlaison, Deborah, Hick, Paul, Read, Andrew, Hobson-Peters, Jody, May, Fiona J., Doggett, Stephen L., Haniotis, John, Russell, Richard C., Hall, Roy A., Khromykh, Alexander A. and Kirkland, Peter D. (2012). Characterization of virulent West Nile virus Kunjin Strain, Australia, 2011. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18 (5), 792-800. doi: 10.3201/eid1805.111720

Hussain, Mazhar, Torres, Shessy, Schnettler, Esther, Funk, Anneke, Grundhoff, Adam, Pijlman, Gorben P., Khromykh, Alexander A. and Asgari, Sassan (2012). West Nile virus encodes a microRNA-like small RNA in the 3' untranslated region which up-regulates GATA4 mRNA and facilitates virus replication in mosquito cells. Nucleic Acids Research, 40 (5), 2210-2223. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkr848

Reynard, O., Mokhonov, V., Mokhonova, E., Leung, J., Page, A., Mateo, M., Pyankova, O., Georges-Courbot, M. C., Raoul, H., Khromykh, A. A. and Volchkov, V. E. (2011). Kunjin virus replicon-based vaccines expressing Ebola virus glycoprotein GP protect the guinea pig against lethal Ebola virus infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 204 (3), S1060-S1065. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jir347

Prow, Natalie A., May, Fiona J., Westlake, Daniel J., Hurrelbrink, Robert J., Biron, Rebecca M., Leung, Jason Y., McMinn, Peter C., Clark, David C., Mackenzie, John S., Lobigs, Mario, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Hall, Roy A. (2011). Determinants of attenuation in the envelope protein of the flavivirus Alfuy. Journal of General Virology, 92 (10), 2286-2296. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.034793-0

Faham, Abdus, Herringson, Thomas, Parish, Chris, Suhrbier, AandreaS, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Altin, Joseph G. (2011). pDNA-lipoplexes engrafted with flagellin-related peptide induce potent immunity and anti-tumour effects. Vaccine, 29 (40), 6911-6919. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.045

Daffis, Stephane, Lazear, Helen M., Liu, Wen Jun, Audsley, Michelle, Engle, Michael, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Diamond, Michael S. (2011). The naturally attenuated Kunjin strain of West Nile virus shows enhanced sensitivity to the host type I interferon response. Journal of Virology, 85 (11), 5664-5668. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00232-11

Audsley, Michelle, Edmonds, Judith, Liu, Wenjun, Mokhonov, Vlad, Mokhonova, Ekaterina, Melian, Ezequeil Balmori, Prow, Natalie, Hall, Roy A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2011). Virulence determinants between New York 99 and Kunjin strains of West Nile virus. Virology, 414 (1), 63-73. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.03.008

Rattanasena, Paweena, Anraku, Itaru, Gardner, Joy, Le, Thuy T., Wang, Xiang Ju, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Suhrbier, Andreas (2011). Prime-boost vaccinations using recombinant flavivirus replicon and vaccinia virus vaccines: An ELISPOT analysis. Immunology and Cell Biology, 89 (3), 426-436. doi: 10.1038/icb.2010.99

Funk, Anneke, Truong, Katherine, Nagasaki, Tomoko, Torres, Shessy, Floden, Nadia, Balmori Melian, Ezequiel, Edmonds, Judy, Dong, Hongping, Shi, Pei-Yong and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2010). RNA structures required for production of subgenomic flavivirus RNA. Journal of Virology, 84 (21), 11407-11417. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01159-10

Fros, Jelke J., Liu, Wen Jun, Prow, Natalie A., Geertsema, Corinne, Ligtenberg, Maarten, Vanlandingham, Dana L., Schnettler, Esther, Vlak, Just M., Suhrbier, Andreas, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Pijlman, Gorben P. (2010). Chikungunya virus nonstructural protein 2 inhibits type I/II interferon-stimulated JAK-STAT signaling. Journal of Virology, 84 (20), 10877-10887. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00949-10

Prow, Tarl W., Chen, Xianfeng, Prow, Natalie A., Fernando, Germain J. P., Tan, Cindy S. E., Raphael, Anthony P., Chang, David, Ruutu, Merja P., Jenkins, Derek W. K., Pyke, Alyssa, Crichton, Michael L., Raphaelli, Kristin, Goh, Lucas Y. H., Frazer, Ian H., Roberts, Michael S., Gardner, Joy, Khromykh, Alexander A., Suhrbier, Andreas, Hall, Roy A. and Kendall, Mark A. F. (2010). Nanopatch-targeted skin vaccination against West Nile virus and chikungunya virus in mice. Small, 6 (16), 1776-1784. doi: 10.1002/smll.201000331

Laurent-Rolle, Maudry, Boer, Elena F., Lubick, Kirk J., Wolfinbarger, James B., Carmody, Aaron B., Rockx, Barry, Liu, Wenjun, Ashour, Joseph, Shupert, W. Lesley, Holbrook, Michael R., Barrett, Alan D., Mason, Peter W., Bloom, Marshall E., Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Best, Sonja M. (2010). The NS5 protein of the virulent West Nile virus NY99 strain is a potent antagonist of type I interferon-mediated JAK-STAT signaling. Journal of Virology, 84 (7), 3503-3515. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01161-09

Mertens, E, Kajaste-Rudnitski, A, Torres, S, Funk, A, Frenkiel, MP, Iteman, I, Khromykh, AA and Despres, P (2010). Viral determinants in the NS3 helicase and 2K peptide that promote West Nile virus resistance to antiviral action of 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1b. Virology, 399 (1), 176-185. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.12.036

Balmori Melian, Ezequiel, Hinzman, Edward, Nagasaki, Tomoko, Firth, Andrew E., Wills, Norma M., Nouwens, Amanda S., Blitvich, Bradley J., Leung, Jason, Funk, Anneke, Atkins, John F., Hall, Roy and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2010). NS1 ' of flaviviruses in the Japanese encephalitis virus serogroup is a product of ribosomal frameshifting and plays a role in viral neuroinvasiveness. Journal of Virology, 84 (3), 1641-1647. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01979-09

Hall, Roy A., Tan, Si En, Selisko, Barbara, Slade, Rachael, Hobson-Peters, Jody, Canard, Bruno, Hughes, Megan, Leung, Jason Y., Balmori-Melian, Ezequiel, Hall-Mendelin, Sonja, Pham, Kim B., Clark, David C., Prow, Natalie A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2009). Monoclonal antibodies to the West Nile virus NS5 protein map to linear and conformational epitopes in the methyltransferase and polymerase domains. Journal of General Virology, 90 (12), 2912-2922. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.013805-0

Funk, Anneke and Khromykh, Alexander (2009). Generating flavivirus vaccine candidates by modulating interferon sensitivity. Expert Review of Vaccines, 8 (9), 1157-1160. doi: 10.1586/ERV.09.73

Prow, Natalie A., Khromykh, Alexander A. and Hall, Roy A. (2009). West Nile virus: The current climate. Medical Laboratory Observer, 41 (4), 10-15.

Hoang-Le, D., Smeenk, L., Anraku, I., Pijlman, G. P., Wang, X. J., De Vrij, J., Liu, W. J., Le, T. T., Schroder, W. A., Khromykh, Alexander A. and Suhrbier, A. (2009). A Kunjin replicon vector encoding granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor for intra-tumoral gene therapy. Gene Therapy, 16 (2), 190-199. doi: 10.1038/gt.2008.169

Pijlman, Gorben P., Funk, Anneke, Kondratieva, Natasha, Leung, Jason, Torres, Shessy, Van der Aa, Lieke, Liu, Wen Jun, Palmenberg, Ann C., Shi, Pei-Yong, Hall, Roy A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2008). A highly structured,nuclease-resistant, noncoding RNA produced by flaviviruses is required for pathogenicity. Cell Host and Microbe, 4 (6), 579-591. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2008.10.007

Anraku, Itaru, Mokhonov, Vladislav V., Rattanasena, Paweena, Mokhonova, Ekaterina I., Leung, Jason, Pijlman, Gorben, Cara, Andrea, Schroder, Wayne A., Khromykh, Alexander A. and Suhrbier, Andreas (2008). Kunjin replicon-based simian immunodeficiency virus gag vaccines. Vaccine, 26 (26), 3268-3276. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.04.001

Leung, Jason Y., Pijlman, Gorben P., Kondratieva, Natasha, Hyde, Jennifer, Mackenzie, Jason M. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2008). Role of Nonstructural Protein NS2A in Flavivirus Assembly. Journal of Virology, 82 (10), 4731-4741. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00002-08

Kent, Stephen J., De Rose, Robert, Mokhonov, Vlad V., Mokhonova, Ekaterina I., Fernandez, Caroline S., Alcantara, Sheilajen, Rollman, Erik, Mason, Rosemarie D., Loh, Liyen, Peut, Viv, Reece, Jeanette C., Wang, Xiang Ju, Wilson, Kim M., Suhrbier, Andreas and Khromykh, Alexander (2008). Evaluation of recombinant Kunjin replicon SIV vaccines for protective efficacy in macaques. Virology, 374 (2), 528-534. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.01.006

Chang, David C., Liu, Wen J., Anraku, Itaru, Clark, David C., Pollitt, Christopher C., Suhrbier, Andreas, Hall, Roy A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2008). Single-round infectious particles enhance immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine against West Nile virus. Nature Biotechnology, 26 (5), 571-577. doi: 10.1038/nbt1400

Hall, RA and Khromykh, AA (2007). Drug evaluation: ChimeriVax-West Nile vaccine. Current Opinion In Molecular Therapeutics, 9 (5), 498-504.

Mackenzie, Jason M., Khromykh, Alexander and Parton, Robert G. (2007). Cholesterol Manipulation by West Nile Virus Perturbs the Cellular Immune Response. Cell Host and Microbe, 2 (4), 229-239. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2007.09.003

Pugachev, KV, Schwaiger, J, Brown, N, Zhang, ZX, Catalan, J, Mitchell, FS, Ocran, SW, Rumyantsev, AA, Khromykh, AA, Monath, TP and Guirakhoo, F (2007). Construction and biological characterization of artificial recombinants between a wild type flavivirus (Kunjin) and a live chimeric flavivirus vaccine (ChimeriVax-JE). Vaccine, 25 (37-38), 6661-6671. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.07.016

Hoenen, A., Liu, W., Kochs, G., Khromykh, A. and Mackenzie, J. (2007). West Nile virus-induced cytoplasmic membrane structures provide partial protection against the interferon-induced antiviral MxA protein. Journal of General Virology, 88 (11), 3013-3017. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.83125-0

Mastrangelo, E, Milani, M, Bollati, M, Selisko, B, Peyrane, F, Pandini, V, Sorrentino, G, Canard, B, Konarev, PV, Svergun, DI, de Lamballerie, X, Coutard, B, Khromykh, AA and Bolognesi, M (2007). Crystal structure and activity of Kunjin virus NS3 helicase; Protease and helicase domain assembly in the full length NS3 protein. Journal of Molecular Biology, 372 (2), 444-455. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.06.055

Malet, H., Egloff, M., Selisko, B., Butcher, R., Wright, P., Roberts, M., Gruez, A., Sulzenbacher, G., Vonrhein, C., Bricogne, G., Mackenzie, J., Khromykh, A., Davidson, A. and Canard, B. (2007). Crystal structure of the RNA polymerase domain of the West Nile Virus non-structural protein 5. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282 (14), 10678-10689. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M607273200

Pyankov, O. V., Agranovski, I. E., Pyankova, O., Mokhonova, E., Mokhonov, V., Safatov, A. S. and Khromykh, A. A. (2007). Using a bioaerosol personal sampler in combination with real-time PCR analysis for rapid detection of airborne viruses. Environmental Microbiology, 9 (4), 992-1000. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01226.x

Pijlman, Gorben P., Kondratieva, Natasha and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2006). Translation of the flavivirus Kunjin NS3 gene in cis but not its RNA sequence or secondary structure is essential for efficient RNA packaging. Journal of Virology, 80 (22), 11255-11264. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01559-06

Roosendaal, Jojanneke, Westaway, Edwin G., Khromykh, Alexander and Mackenzie, Jason M. (2006). Regulated Cleavages at the West Nile Virus NS4A-2K-NS4B Junctions Play a Major Role in Rearranging Cytoplasmic Membranes and Golgi Trafficking of the NS4A Protein. Journal of Virology, 80 (9), 4623-4632. doi: 10.1128/JVI.80.9.4623-4632.2006

Alazard-Dany, N., Volchkova, V., Reynard, O., Carbonnelle, C., Dolnik, O., Ottmann, M., Khromykh, A. and Volchkov, V. E. (2006). Ebola virus glycoprotein GP is not cytotoxic when expressed constitutively at a moderate level. Journal of General Virology, 87 (5), 1247-1257. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.81361-0

Liu, Wen Jun, Wang, Xiang Ju, Clark, David C., Lobigs, Mario, Hall, Roy A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2006). A single amino acid substitution in the west nile virus nonstructural protein NS2A disables its ability to inhibit alpha/beta interferon induction and attenuates virus virulence in mice. Journal of Virology, 80 (5), 2396-2404. doi: 10.1128/JVI.80.5.2396-2404.2006

Pijlman, Gorben P., Suhrbier, Andreas and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2006). Kunjin virus replicons: an RNA-based, non-cytopathic viral vector system for protein production, vaccine and gene therapy applications. Expert Opinion On Biological Therapy, 6 (2), 135-145. doi: 10.1517/14712598.6.2.135

Selisko, B., Dutartre, H., Guillemot, J. C., Debarnot, C., Benarroch, D., Khromykh, A., Despres, P., Egloff, M. P. and Canard, B. (2006). Comparative mechanistic studies of de novo RNA synthesis by flavivirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Virology, 351 (1), 145-158. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.03.026

Mastrangelo, Eloise, Bollati, Michela, Milani, Mario, Brisbarre, Nadege, de Lamballerie, Xavier, Coutard, Bruno, Canard, Bruno, Khromykh, Alexander and Bolognesi, Martino (2006). Preliminary crystallographic characterization of an RNA helicase from Kunjin virus. Acta Crystallographica Section F: Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications, 62 (9), 876-879. doi: 10.1107/S1744309106028776

Liu, Wen Jun, Wang, Xiang Ju, Mokhonov, Vladislav V., Shi, Pei-Yong, Randall, Richard and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2005). Inhibition of interferon signaling by the New York 99 strain and Kunjin subtype of West Nile virus involves blockage of STAT1 and STAT2 activation by nonstructural proteins. Journal of Virology, 79 (3), 1934-1942. doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.3.1934-1942.2005

Tannis, Laura Lee, Gauthier, Andree, Evelegh, Carole, Parsons, Robin, Nyholt, Dana, Khromykh, Alexander and Brarnson, Jonathan L. (2005). Semliki Forest virus and Kunjin virus RNA replicons elicit comparable cellular immunity but distinct humoral immunity. Vaccine, 23 (33), 4189-4194. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.04.005

Liu, Wen Jun, Chen, Hua Bo, Xiang, Ju Wang, Huang, Hester and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2004). Analysis of adaptive mutations in Kunjin virus replicon RNA reveals a novel role for the flavivirus nonstructural protein NS2A in inhibition of beta interferon promoter-driven transcription. Journal of Virology, 78 (22), 12225-12235. doi: 10.1128/JVI.78.22.12225-12235.2004

Hall, Roy A. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2004). West Nile virus vaccines. Expert Opinion On Biological Therapy, 4 (8), 1295-1305. doi: 10.1517/14712598.4.8.1295

Herd, Karen A., Harvey, Tracey, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Tindle, Robert W. (2004). Recombinant Kunjin virus replicon vaccines induce protective T-cell immunity against human papillomavirus 16 E7-expressing tumour. Virology, 319 (2), 237-248. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2003.10.032

Harvey, Tracey, Liu, Wen Jun, Wang, Xiang Ju, Linedale,Richard, Jacobs,Michael, Davidson, Andrew, Le,Thuy T. T., Anraku,Itaru, Suhrbier,Andreas, Pei-Yong, Shi and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2004). Tetracycline-Inducible packaging cell line for production of Flavivirus replicon particles.. Journal of Virology, 78 (1), 531-538. doi: 10.1128/JVI.78.1.531-538.2004

Dokland, T., Walsh, M., Mackenzie, J. M., Khromykh, A. A., Ee, K. H. and Wang, S. F. (2004). West nile virus core protein: Tetramer structure and ribbon formation. Structure, 12 (7), 1157-1163. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2004.04.024

Khromykh, Alexander A., Kondratieva, Natasha, Sgro, Jean-Yves, Palmenberg, Ann and Westaway, Edwin G. (2003). Significance in replication of the terminal nucleotides of the Flavivirus genome. Journal of Virology, 77 (19), 10623-10629. doi: 10.1128/JVI.77.19.10623-10629.2003

Liu, Wen Jun, Chen, Hua Bo and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2003). Molecular and functional analyses of Kunjin virus infectious cDNA clones demonstrate the essential roles for NS2A in virus assembly and for a nonconservative residue in NS3 in RNA replication. Journal of Virology, 77 (14), 7804-7813. doi: 10.1128/JVI.77.14.7804-7813.2003

Tracey Harvey, Anraku, Itaru, Linedale, Richard, Harrich, David, Mackenzie, Jason, Suhrbier, Andreas and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2003). Kunjin virus replicon vectors for human immunodeficiency virus vaccine development. Journal of Virology, 77 (14), 7796-7803. doi: 10.1128/JVI.77.14.7796-7803.2003

Ward, Scott M., Tindle, Robert W., Khromykh, Alexander A. and Gowans, Eric J. (2003). Generation of CTL responses using Kunjin replicon RNA. Immunology And Cell Biology, 81 (1), 73-78. doi: 10.1046/j.0818-9641.2002.01137.x

Hall, R. A., Nisbet, D. J., Pham, K.B., Pyke, A. T., Smith, G. A. and Khromykh, A. (2003). DNA vaccine coding for the full-length infectious Kunjin virus RNA protects mice against the New York strain of West Nile virus. Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America, 100 (18), 10460-10464. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1834270100

Liu, Wen Jun, Sedlak, Petra L., Kondratieva, Natasha and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2002). Complementation analysis of the flavivirus Kunjin NS3 and NS5 proteins defines the minimal regions essential for formation of a replication complex and shows a requirement of NS3 in cis for virus assembly. Journal of Virology, 76 (21), 10766-10775. doi: 10.1128/JVI.76.21.10766-10775.2002

Anraku, Itaru, Harvey, Tracey J., Linedale, Richard, Gardner, Joy, Harrich, David, Suhrbier, Andreas and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2002). Kunjin virus replicon vaccine vectors induce protective CD8(+) T-cell immunity. Journal of Virology, 76 (8), 3791-3799. doi: 10.1128/JVI.76.8.3791-3799.2002

Scherret, J., Mackenzie, J. S., Khromykh, A. and Hall, R. A. (2001). Biological significance of glycosylation of the envelope protein of Kunjin virus. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 951 (West Nile Virus: Detection, Surveillance, And Control), 361-363. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb02719.x

Khromykh, Alexander A., Meka, Hedije, Guyatt, Kimberley J. and Westaway, Edwin G. (2001). Essential role of cyclization sequences in Flavivirus RNA replication. Journal of Virology, 75 (14), 6719-6728. doi: 10.1128/JVI.75.14.6719-6728.2001

Khromykh, Alexander A., Varnavski, Andrei N., Sedlak, Petra L. and Westaway, Edwin G. (2001). Coupling between replication and packaging of flavivirus RNA: Evidence derived from the use of DNA-based full-length cDNA clones of kunjin virus. Journal of Virology, 75 (10), 4633-4640. doi: 10.1128/JVI.75.10.4633-4640.2001

Guyatt, K. J., Westaway, E. G. and Khromykh, A. A. (2001). Expression and purification of enzymatically active recombinant RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5) of the flavivirus Kunjin. Journal of Virological Methods, 92 (1), 37-44. doi: 10.1016/S0166-0934(00)00270-6

Mackenzie, Jason M., Khromykh, Alexander A. and Westaway, Edwin G. (2001). Stable expression of noncytopathic Kunjin replicons simulates both ultrastructural and biochemical characteristics observed during replication of Kunjin virus. Virology, 279 (1), 161-172. doi: 10.1006/viro.2000.0691

Khromykh, A. A. (2000). Replicon-based vectors of positive strand RNA viruses.. Current Opinion in Molecular Therapeutics, 2 (5), 555-569.

Varnavski, Andrei N., Young, Paul R. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2000). Stable High-Level Expression of Heterologous Genes In Vitro and In Vivo by Noncytopathic DNA-Based Kunjin Virus Repicon Vectors. Journal of Virology, 74 (9), 4394-4403. doi: 10.1128/JVI.74.9.4394-4403.2000

Khromykh, Alexander A., Sedlak, Petra L. and Westaway, Edwin G. (2000). cis- and trans- Acting Elements in Flavivirus RNA Replication. Journal of Virology, 74 (7), 3253-3263. doi: 10.1128/JVI.74.7.3253-3263.2000

Khromykh, Alexander A., Sedlak, Petra L., Guyatt, Kimberley J., Hall, Roy A. and Westaway, Edwin G. (1999). Efficient trans-complementation of the flavivirus kunjin NS5 protein but not of the NS1 protein requires its coexpression with other components of the viral replicase. Journal of Virology, 73 (12), 10272-10280. doi: 10.1128/jvi.73.12.10272-10280.1999

Khromykh, Alexander A., Sedlak, Petra L. and Westaway, Edwin G. (1999). trans-complementation analysis of the flavivirus Kunjin ns5 gene reveals an essential role for translation of its N-terminal half in RNA replication. Journal of Virology, 73 (11), 9247-9255.

Westaway, EG, Khromykh, AA and Mackenzie, JM (1999). Nascent flavivirus RNA colocalized in situ with double-stranded RNA in stable replication complexes. Virology, 258 (1), 108-117. doi: 10.1006/viro.1999.9683

Varnavski, AN and Khromykh, AA (1999). Noncytopathic flavivirus replicon RNA-based system for expression and delivery of heterologous genes. Virology, 255 (2), 366-375. doi: 10.1006/viro.1998.9564

Hall, R. A., Khromykh, A. A., Mackenzie, J. M., Scherret, J., Khromykh, T. and Mackenzie, J. S. (1999). Loss of dimerisation of the nonstructural protein NS1 of Kunjin virus delays viral replication and reduces virulence in mice, but still allows secretion of NS1. Virology, 264 (1), 66-75. doi: 10.1006/viro.1999.9956

Khromykh, Alexander A., Kenney, Mark T. and Westaway, Edwin G. (1998). trans-complementation of flavivirus RNA polymerase gene NS5 by using kunjin virus replicon-expressing BHK cells. Journal of Virology, 72 (9), 7270-7279.

Khromykh, Alexander A., Varnavski, Andrei N. and Westaway, Edwin G. (1998). Encapsidation of the flavivirus kunjin replicon RNA by using a complementation system providing kunjin virus structural proteins in trans. Journal of Virology, 72 (7), 5967-5977.

Mackenzie, JM, Khromykh, AA, Jones, MK and Westaway, EG (1998). Subcellular localization and some biochemical properties of the flavivirus Kunjin nonstructural proteins NS2A and NS4A. Virology, 245 (2), 203-215. doi: 10.1006/viro.1998.9156

Scott, SP, Zhang, N, Khanna, KK, Khromykh, A, Hobson, K, Watters, D and Lavin, MF (1998). Cloning and expression of the ataxia-telangiectasia gene in baculovirus. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 245 (1), 144-148. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8137

Westaway, Edwin G., MacKenzie, Jason M., Kenney, Mark T., Jones, Malcolm K. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (1997). Ultrastructure of Kunjin virus-infected cells: Colocalization of NS1 and NS3 with double-stranded RNA, and of NS2B with NS3, in virus-induced membrane structures. Journal of Virology, 71 (9), 6650-6661. doi: 10.1128/jvi.71.9.6650-6661.1997

Westaway, EG, Khromykh, AA, Kenney, MT, Mackenzie, JM and Jones, MK (1997). Proteins C and NS4B of the flavivirus Kunjin translocate independently into the nucleus. Virology, 234 (1), 31-41. doi: 10.1006/viro.1997.8629

Khromykh, A. A. and Westaway, E. G. (1997). Subgenomic replicons of the flavivirus Kunjin: construction and applications. Journal of Virology, 71 (2), 1497-1505.

Khromykh, A. A., Harvey, T. J., Abedinia, M. and Westaway, E. G. (1996). Expression and purification of all seven nonstructural proteins of the flavivirus Kunjin in the E.coli and the baculovirus systems. Journal of Virological Methods, 61 (1-2), 47-58. doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(96)02068-X

Khromykh, AA and Westaway, EG (1996). RNA binding properties of core protein of the flavivirus Kunjin. Archives of Virology, 141 (3-4), 685-699. doi: 10.1007/BF01718326

Khromykh, A. A., Meka, H. and Westaway, E. G. (1995). Preparation of recombinant baculovirus by transfection of a ligated cDNA fragment without prior plasmid amplification in E. coli. BioTechniques, 19 (3), 356-358+360.

Khromykh, A. A. and Westaway, E. G. (1994). Completion of Kunjin virus RNA sequence and recovery of an infectious RNA transcribed from stably cloned full-length cDNA. Journal of Virology, 68 (7), 4580-4588. doi: 10.1128/jvi.68.7.4580-4588.1994

Khromykh, A. A., Beliaev, A. S., Rukavishnikov, M. I., Daniliuk, N. K. and Sandakhchiev, L. S. (1990). Expression of antigens of the tick-borne encephalitis virus by various recombinant variants of the vaccinia virus Ekspressiia antigenov virusa kleshchevogo éntsefalita razlichnymi rekombinantnymi variantami virusa ospovaktsiny. Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 310 (4), 996-999.

Khromykh, A. A., Belyaev, A. S., Rukhavishnikov Yu, M., Danilyuk, N. K. and Sandakhchiev, L. S. (1990). Expression of tick encephalitis virus antigens cloned in vaccinia virus. Doklady Biological Sciences, 310 (1-6), 41-43.

Conference Papers

Slonchak, Andrii, Hugo, Leon E., Freney, Morgan, Amarilla, Alberto A., Hall-Mendelin, Sonja, Yan, Kexin, Torres, Francisco, Setoh, Yin Xiang, Peng, Nias, Chaggar, Harman K., Hurk, Andrew Van Den, Wolvetang, Ernst, Suhrbier, Andreas, Devine, Gregor J. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2020). Zika Virus sfRNA plays an essential role in the infection of insects and mammals. Viruses 2020—Novel Concepts in Virology, Barcelona, Spain, 5–7 February 2020. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI. doi: 10.3390/proceedings2020050112

Liebscher, Susan, Chappell, K. J., Stoermer, Martin J., Watterson, Daniel, Webb, Richard I., Khromykh, Alexander A., Fairlie, David P. and Young, Paul R. (2010). Sneaking up on West Nile Virus NS2B/NS3 protease subcellular activity utilising dye-quenched substrates. PlusStrand 2010: The Ninth International Symposium on Positive-Strand RNA Viruses, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A., 17-21 May 2010.

Khromykh, A. (2009). Evasion of host innate immune response by West Nile virus.. TLROZ 2009: Patterns Recognition Receptors in Health and Disease, Surfers Paradise, Australia, 28-30 October 2009.

Khromykh, A., Funk, A., Torres, S., Edmonds, J., Pijlman, G., Hall, R., Lobigs, M., Kumagai, Y., Takeuchi, O. and Akira, S. (2009). The role of subgenomic non-coding RNA in flavivirus-host interactions and viral pathogenicity. 28th Annual Meeting of American Society for Virology, Vancouver, Canada, 11-15 July 2009.

Funk, A., Torres, S., Truong, K., Edmonds, J., Pijlman, G., Hall, R., Lobigs, M., Kumagai, Y., Takeuchi, O., Akira, S. and Khromykh, A. (2009). The role of flavivirus subgenomic non-coding RNA in overcoming host innate immune response. TLROZ 2009: Patterns Recognition Receptors in Health and Disease, Gold Coast , Australia, 28-30 October 2009.

Funk, A., Torres, S., Edmonds, J., Pijlman, G., Hall, R., Lobigs, M., Kumagai, Y., Takeuchi, O., Akira, S. and Khromykh, A. (2009). Flavivirus subgenomic non-coding RNA is required to overcome the host innate immune response. 5th Australian Virology Group Meeting, Lorne, Australia, 13-17 December 2009. Australia: Australian Virology Group.

Truong, K., Funk, A., Torres, S. and Khromykh, A. (2009). The role of pseudoknot interactions in stabilizing flavivirus RNA structure and generation of nuclease resistant flavivirus RNA.. 5th Australian Virology Group Meeting, Lorne, Australia, 13-17 December 2009.

Martens, E., Iteman, I., Frenkiel, M.-P., Simon-Chazottes, D., Funk, A., Khromykh, A. and Kajaste-Rudnitski, P. (2009). Molecular basis for the resistance of West Nile virus to antiviral activity of Oas1b. 28th Annual Meeting of American Society for Virology, Vancouver, Canada, 11-15 July 2009.

Khromykh, A. (2009). The role of small subgenomic RNA in flavivirus replication and pathogenicity.. NITD Conference on Dengue, Manila, Philippines, 31 Aug - 4 Sept 2009.

Pijlman, G.P., Funk, A., Kondratieva, N., Leung, J., Van der Aa, L., Liu, W., Palmenberg, A.C., Hall, R.A. and Khromykh, A.A. (2008). Flaviviruses employ cellular mRNA decay machinery to generate subgenomic non-coding RNA required for pathogenicity. International Congress of Virology, Istanbul, Turkey, 10-15 Aug, 2008.

Funk, A., Pijlman, G.P., Kondratieva, N., Leung, J., Van der Aa, L., Liu, W., Palmenberg, A.C., Shi, P.-Y., Hall, R.A. and Khromykh, A. (2008). Flaviviruses employ cellular mRNA decay machinery to generate subgenomic non-coding RNA required for pathogenicity. Arbovirus Research in Australia Meeting, Coffs Harbour, Australia, 15-19 Sept, 2008.

Pijlman, G.P., Funk, A., Kondratieva, N., Leung, J., Van der Aa, L., Liu, W., Palmenberg, , A.C., Hall, R.A. and Khromykh, A. (2008). Flavivirus subgenomic RNA generated by the mRNA decay machinery supports efficient virus replication. American Society for Virology Annual Meeting, Ithaca, USA, 12-16 July, 2008.

Khromykh, A.A. (2008). Flavivirus replication and cellular RNA decay machinery. 3rd AREVA-Pasteur Forum "Mosquito- and tick-borne viruses and their environment, Shanghai, China, 12-14 June, 2008.

Pijlman, G.P., Funk, A., Kondratieva, N., Leung, J., Van der Aa, L., Liu, W., Palmenberg, A.C., Hall, R.A. and Khromykh, A.A. (2008). The role of small non-coding RNAs in flavivirus replication and pathogenicity. Society for General Microbiology Meeting, Edinburgh, Scotland, 31 Mar - 3 Apr, 2008.

Khromykh, A, Liu, W, Wang,, Clark, D. C. J. and Hall, R A (2006). Modulation of interferon response by West Nile. Keystone Symposia, Keystone, Colorado, 6-11 Jan, 2006.

Anraku, I., Mokhonova, V., Rattanasena, P., Pijlman, G P, Suhrbier, A and Khromykh, A (2006). Kunjin replicon vectors for HIV/SIV vaccine development. Aust Centre for HIV & Hepatitis Virology Research, Lorne, 8-11 Oct, 2006.

Mackenzie, J M, Liu, W, Parton, R G and Khromykh, A (2006). Inhibition of interferon signaling in flavivirus-infected cells is associated with virus-induced cholesterol re-distribution. 13th International Mtg on Hepatitis C Virus & Related Viruses, Cairns, 27-31 Aug, 2006.

Khromykh, A (2006). Flavivirus replication and virus-host interactions. Annual Scientific Meeting & Exhibition - Aust Society for Micr, Gold Coast, 2-6 July, 2006.

Mackenzie, J M, Khromykh, A and Parton, R G (2006). Cholesterol is good, just ask the flaviviruses. Annual Scientific Meeting & Exhibition - Aust Society for Micry, Gold Coast, 2-6 July, 2006.

Mackenzie, J. M., Khromykh, A. and Parton, R. G. (2005). A bigmac a day keeps the flavivirus away. 3rd Australian Virology Group Meeting, Phillip Is, 9-12 Dec, 2005.

Leung, J, Mackenzie, J. M., Khromykh, A. and Pijlman, G. P. (2005). The role of the nonstructural protein NS2A in flavivirus assembly. 3rd Australian Virology Group Meeting, Phillip Is, 9-12 Dec, 2005.

Mackenzie, J. M., Khromykh, A. and Parton, R. G. (2005). West Nile manipulates cholesterol balance affecting the lipid raft formation and function. 24th Annual Meeting of American Society for Virology, Pennsylvania, 18-22 June, 2005.

Pijlman, G. P. and Khromykh, A. (2005). Requirement of flavivirus Kunjin NS3 translation in cis for packaging of viral RNA. 24th Annual Meeting of American Society for Virology, Pennsylvania, 18-22 June, 2005.

Liu, W., Wang, D.Z., Clark, M., Lobigs, M. and Khromykh, A. (2005). A single amino acid in the West Nile virus nonstructural protein NS2A disables its ability to inhibit interferon alpha/beta induction and attenuates virus virulence in mice. 3rd Australian Virology Group Meeting, Phillip Is, 9-12 Dec, 2005.

Khromykh, A. (2005). Kunjin (West Nile) virus-based vaccines. Novel Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases, Semmering, Austria, 14-17 April, 2005.

Clark, D. C., Khromykh, A. A., Mackenzie, J. S. and Hall, R. A. (2001). Identification of a region of the flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) involved in dimerization. 1st Australian Virology Group Meeting, Fraser Island, December, 2001.

Cartwright, L., Hall, R. A., Khromykh, A., Poidinger, M. and Mackenzie, J. S. (2001). The role of conserved RNA structures in the untranslated regions of the flavivirus genome in viral replication. 8th Arbovirus Research Symposium, Couran Cove, Qld, 3-7 July, 2000. Brisbane: QUT.

Hall, R. A., Khromykh, A. A., Poidinger, M., Scherret, J., Mackenzie, J. M., MacKenzie, J. S. and Khromykh, T. (1999). Loss of dimerisation of the NS1 protein of Kunjin virus slows replication in cell culture and reduces virulence in mice. 11th International Congress of Virology, Sydney, 9-13 August 1999. Aust.: Int. Union of Microbiological Societies.

Scherret, J., Khromykh, A. A., Calvert, A. E., Mackenzie, J. S. and Hall, R. A. (1999). The effect of glycoslation of the envelope protein in Kujin replication and pathogenesis. 11th International Congress of Virology, Sydney, 9-13 August 1999. Aust.: Int. Union of Microbiological Societies.

Cartwright, L., Hall, R. A., Khromykh, A. A., Mackenzie, J. S. and Poidinger, M. (1999). Investigation of the structure and function of the flavivirus non-coding regions. 11th International Congress of Virology, Sydney, 9-13 August 1999. Aust.: Int. Union of Microbiological Societies.

Dmitriev, IP, Khromykh, AA, Ignatyev, GM, Gainullina, MN, Ageenko, VA, Dryga, SA, Vorobyeva, MS and Sandakhchiev, LS (1996). Immunization with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing structural and part of the nonstructural region of tick-borne encephalitis virus cDNA protect mice against lethal encephalitis. Symposium on New Approaches to Vaccine Development (NAVD 95), Vienna Austria, Apr 11-14, 1995. AMSTERDAM: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. doi: 10.1016/0168-1656(95)00141-7

Areas of research

Infection and immunity theme

Microbiology discipline